تجزیه و تحلیل کینماتیک مفاصل اندام فوقانی هنگام اجرای مهارت ضربه مشت مستقیم با سه روش مختلف تمرینی در دو گروه آماتور و نخبه

Objective: The aim of this study was to comare the Kinematics Analysis of attackting arm of Boxors when they perform punching using three techniques: shadow boxing, punch against punching bag and punch against guard of opponent. The influence of technical skill level was also investigated by comparing two groups: elite Boxors and Amateurs. Methods: The study was carried out on 10 elite Boxors and 10 Amateurs with healthy shoulder and elbow joint in dominant arm. Each participant was asked to perfom six shadow punching (punch to virtual opponent), six punches against punching bag and six punch against guard of opponent as hard as possible, while Kinematics variable of punching arm and forearm was recorded by using four vicon cameras at 200 HZ. A repeated measures ANOVA was performed to test the effect of three techniques and the effect of group was tested through a multivariate ANOVA with significant level set at p ≤ 0/05. Results: The effect of technique was found to be significant (p=0.000). The punch against guard of opponent and shadow boxing produced maximum and minimum of angular velocity in both attackting arm and forearm, respectively. The effect of group was also significant (p=0.000).  Indicating that elite Boxors presented higher arm and forearm angular velocity during punch. Conclusion: It seems that when there is not a real target for punching, such as in shadow boxing condition, Amateurs were confused dealing with this circumstance and had minor arm forearm angular velocity and Imuls in attacking arm. The results obtained suggest the presence of a skill-dependent activation strategy in the execution of the three punch technique. As, a reciprocal effect exist between the factors of different skill level and punching technique.